Responsibilities Of A Jewish Bet Din

By Brenda Howard


When an individual converts to Judaism from another religion, it can often be time consuming. For, there are a number of steps an individual must go through when doing so. After which, the conversion must be approved after having gone through a review by a Jewish Bet Din.

Currently, rabbinical courts are provided the power to oversee a number of issues related to the religion. For, a matter of litigation or Din Torah in Israel and Jewish communities around the world are judged by a Diaspora of differing authority levels.

Original courts were inspired by Jethro and Moses, the first men to be provided with such powers, then later affirmed by God whom gave a direct command to the Jews to establish officers and judges inside community gates. Whereas, the Torah also recommends that a ruler delegate powers of judgment to lower level courts.

At first, there were three different types of courts in ancient times. One, a grand central court required 71 members while the other two required 23 members at each location with one having more power than the other. Whereas, any town with a population between 120 to 320 individuals had to also have a court of 23 which was ruled by a local tribal court selected by the local community.

In Judaism, the Talmud and Mishnah distinguish the difference between criminal, ritual or money matters and impose regulations for each. As with other courts, cases involving criminal activity often have far more stringent limitations than others. While this is the case, Bet dins ruled in all types of cases.

Bet dins which existed in Medieval times and those of modern time are in theory a court of law overseen by laymen. In most cases, these laymen act as arbitrators to determine sentences for infractions. For, these individuals often have more power than others and are composed of experienced rabbis which have knowledge of Jewish law. Although, if an individual attends a training institute, preferably in Israel, it is possible to become a religious judge which has even power when it comes to handing down rulings in a Jewish court of law.

Traditionally, a Bet din is made up of 3 more Orthodox men. As it can often be hard to find qualified individuals, the law has now been changed to one in which only one Orthodox male is required when establishing a Bet din. In addition, as each community requires a local Bet din, community members can now choose to assign what is generally between 1 and 23 members to the court.

Ultimately, when selecting the men to sit on the court, it is important that these individuals are capable of instructing others with regards to Jewish Law and the case at hand. Rabbis on the Bet din do not necessarily have to be an expert in all areas of the law, just the area in question. For example, those sitting for a conversion only need experience and expertise in the conversion process though not other aspects of Jewish law.




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