There are a number of genealogical societies which sponsor a number of studies and trials related to ancestry, heritage and DNA. Currently, phase 2.0 Next Generation of the National Genographic Project is underway. The project maps and studies human migration patterns by collecting and analyzing DNA samples has grown over the last decade. For, with 140 countries and over a million participants, it has become one of the most popular studies in this area.
The project was created in 2005 by Spencer Wells whom also served as director until 2015. As a privately funded, not-for-profit partnership between the Waitt Foundation and the National Genographic Society, the study and DNA testing of various populations is ongoing. In the beginning phase, researchers collected DNA from various indigenous populations for analysis at eleven different regional centers around the world.
In Fall 2012, the society announced a new genotyping array which has been dedicated to genetic anthropology known as GenoChip. The array is designed specifically for anthropological testing and includes mitochondrial DNA, Y-chromosome DNA, X-chromosome DNA, and SNPs from autosomal DNA. The new chip's design was a collaboration between Illumina, Family Tree DNA, Eran Elhaik of John Hopkins and Wells of National Geographic.
A second new chip was introduced in 2015 in which Genographic Lead Scientists, Vilar and Family Tree joined forces. In addition, a test known as Admixture was developed by Wells and Elhaik which works to classify individuals based on an assessment of genomic ancestral factors related to different regions of the world. Between the new chips and this new test, the society has made a great deal more progress when it comes to testing and sorting different types of DNA.
The society began using cutting edge Helix DNA sequencing for Geno 2.0 Next Generation, the current ongoing phase of the project. Unlike earlier phases, Geno 2.0 Next Generation analyzes populations based on modern day demographics using 18 or 22 regional populations. By using a collection kit for DNA samples, Helix acquires saliva samples from participants which is later analyzed for genomic markers which offer unprecedented insight into an individual's genetic origins. After which, the data is uploaded to the DNA database.
Volunteers have played a vital role in providing DNA samples and participating in projects as citizen scientists. As a result, the society now sells self-testing kits to individuals whom wish to participate in the study. As a method of advertising and outreach to the public, different genealogical organizations are promoting benefits of these and other scientific research programs.
The society has been using the latest technology available since the inception of the project in 2015. In doing so, researchers are hopeful that the knowledge base related to the connection of different cultures and populations and the human story can be expanded over time. As a result, the researchers are also hopeful that the process will help in discovering new information about different human populations.
While the project has seen a lot of success, there has also been a great deal of criticism. For example, the Indigenous People's Council on Biocolonialism or IPCB provided a press release which criticized the project due to the connection to a number of controversial issues. In one case, tribes suggested that DNA testing might show that some tribes were not indigenous to North America and recommended tribal members avoid participating. Whereas, indigenous populations also began boycotting the project as well as corporations involved such as Gateway and IBM.
The project was created in 2005 by Spencer Wells whom also served as director until 2015. As a privately funded, not-for-profit partnership between the Waitt Foundation and the National Genographic Society, the study and DNA testing of various populations is ongoing. In the beginning phase, researchers collected DNA from various indigenous populations for analysis at eleven different regional centers around the world.
In Fall 2012, the society announced a new genotyping array which has been dedicated to genetic anthropology known as GenoChip. The array is designed specifically for anthropological testing and includes mitochondrial DNA, Y-chromosome DNA, X-chromosome DNA, and SNPs from autosomal DNA. The new chip's design was a collaboration between Illumina, Family Tree DNA, Eran Elhaik of John Hopkins and Wells of National Geographic.
A second new chip was introduced in 2015 in which Genographic Lead Scientists, Vilar and Family Tree joined forces. In addition, a test known as Admixture was developed by Wells and Elhaik which works to classify individuals based on an assessment of genomic ancestral factors related to different regions of the world. Between the new chips and this new test, the society has made a great deal more progress when it comes to testing and sorting different types of DNA.
The society began using cutting edge Helix DNA sequencing for Geno 2.0 Next Generation, the current ongoing phase of the project. Unlike earlier phases, Geno 2.0 Next Generation analyzes populations based on modern day demographics using 18 or 22 regional populations. By using a collection kit for DNA samples, Helix acquires saliva samples from participants which is later analyzed for genomic markers which offer unprecedented insight into an individual's genetic origins. After which, the data is uploaded to the DNA database.
Volunteers have played a vital role in providing DNA samples and participating in projects as citizen scientists. As a result, the society now sells self-testing kits to individuals whom wish to participate in the study. As a method of advertising and outreach to the public, different genealogical organizations are promoting benefits of these and other scientific research programs.
The society has been using the latest technology available since the inception of the project in 2015. In doing so, researchers are hopeful that the knowledge base related to the connection of different cultures and populations and the human story can be expanded over time. As a result, the researchers are also hopeful that the process will help in discovering new information about different human populations.
While the project has seen a lot of success, there has also been a great deal of criticism. For example, the Indigenous People's Council on Biocolonialism or IPCB provided a press release which criticized the project due to the connection to a number of controversial issues. In one case, tribes suggested that DNA testing might show that some tribes were not indigenous to North America and recommended tribal members avoid participating. Whereas, indigenous populations also began boycotting the project as well as corporations involved such as Gateway and IBM.
About the Author:
Discover lots of valuable information about the national genographic project by logging on to our web page. If you want to know how to find us, just click the link that appears here on http://www.one-race.org/our-history.
No comments:
Post a Comment